Falstaff :: essays research papers

Sentimentalism, as expressed in the American Heritage Electronic Dictionary is, "An creative and scholarly development beginning in Europe in the late eighteenth century and described by an uplifted enthusiasm for nature, accentuation on the person's appearance of feeling and creative mind, takeoff from the mentalities and types of elegance, and resistance to set up social standards and conventions." Falstaff is the perfect sentimental character. In an article composed by Harry T. Bread cook named, "The Two Falstaffs" Baker composes against all the pundits who guarantee that the Falstaff from Henry IV parts I and II is an alternate character then the Falstaff in The Merry Wives of Windsor. He accepts that, "although, as the pundits proclaim, Falstaff isn't himself, this is expected to the [change in] circumstance, not to the irregularity of character portrayal." In Henry IV parts I and II we consider Falstaff to be the sentimental character that is expressed in the definition above, resisting everything that the Classical character, Prince Hal, represents and accepts.. He will not pay attention to life. He accepts that "War is as a very remarkable joke to him as a drinking session at the Boar's Head." He utilizes individuals exclusively for his own motivations, either for cash or for food and drink. He is inconsiderate and rough to each one of everyone around him and is probably the best liar who constantly gets trapped in his untruths however makes new ones to cover for the old bombed ones. However Baker expresses that, "His common sense and speed of answer are consistently amazing; his impudence is practically heavenly. However the man in this way degenerate, subsequently terrible, makes himself important to the sovereign that disdains him, by the most satisfying everything being equal, ceaseless exhilaration. Fa lstaff makes around his substantial mass a kind of Utopia which liberates us incidentally from the concerns and inconveniences of the real world. What does it make a difference that Falstaff criticizes gallantry, respect, truth-telling, and courage in fight? He isn't to be taken seriously...he is a completely funny character." Toward the finish of Henry IV part II we can perceive what befalls Falstaff when he is encircled by the real world, he is found napping and is strange. Pastry specialist expresses that when Falstaff is ensnare with the real factors of life "he can't shine." We see this first at the crowning ordinance of Hal, when his companion in fiendishness, when Falstaff is told, obtusely by Hal that " I know thee not, elderly person.

Business Intelligence and Decision Making

Presentation Business Intelligence (BI) is an umbrella term utilized for different systems that give answers for different business issues (Whitehorn 1999, p. 11). As indicated by Marr (2012, p. 1), the term Business Intelligence allude to devices that are used to help the dynamic procedure in organizations.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Business Intelligence and Decision Making explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Typically, the utilization of BI devices rearranges the dynamic procedure and enormously improves execution as the dynamic procedure is speeded up and business concerns are tended to a lot quicker. Despite the fact that the term Business Intelligence is as often as possible used to signify application programming used to break down a business enterprise’s information, it is fairly detailed (Marr 2012, p. 1). This paper presents a conversation on two Business Intelligence apparatuses. One is by International Business Machines ( IBM) while the other one is a result of SAS. As can be seen from figure 1, Business Intelligence incorporates various segments. Figure 1: Components of Business Intelligence From the figure, it very well may be seen that a BI device must have the option to help information get-together, examination, and capacity. Likewise, the BI device must give access to business information. With the assistance of Business Intelligence devices, business undertakings can take care of an entire scope of issues that harass the individuals who use information inside an association. IBM’s Business Intelligence Software One of the most remarkable Business Intelligence instruments offered by IBM is Visual Warehouse. In addition to other things, this BI instrument causes it feasible for clients to make, to oversee, and mechanize an information product house. An information product house is a disconnected duplicate of an operational database, typically hung on an absolutely independent machine.Adve rtising Looking for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Off line for this situation suggests that individuals are done adding to, and changing the information. To a huge degree, the device disentangles crafted by managing complex questions that require a huge extent of the records. It is additionally conceivable to redo information so as to address explicit issues. Another significant preferred position of Visual Warehouse has to do with the way that it can empower a business undertaking to improve the structure of its database to suit its redid business necessities. Regardless of the way that the improvement exercise can take an assortment of structures, it should include lessening the detail in the put away information. For instance, as opposed to putting away all the subtleties of each deal made in the course of the most recent five years, a business endeavor may decide to store just th e week after week aggregates for every item. Another key component of the Visual Warehouse is that it doesn't confine the client to a solitary wellspring of information. It encourages the utilization of information from divergent databases. Visual Warehouse gives the client all the apparatuses required to set up and keep up the information stockroom. Further more, it gives a wide range of extra highlights that make robotizing and controlling the information distribution center simpler. Utilizing SAS Strategically According to Aanderud and Hall (2012, p. 3), SAS Business Intelligence arrangement causes it workable for clients to control and break down information in an improved way. Utilizing the apparatuses accessible through SAS, clients can get to any sort of data for practically any business needs without experiencing so much difficulty. The intensity of SAS Business Intelligence is in diminishing the information gatekeeper’s job in the business so every individual can uni nhibitedly collaborate with scientific outcomes. Conventionally, SAS Business Intelligence makes it workable for business endeavors to address issues at various degrees of the association. Basically, there are three general gatherings of SAS Business Intelligence customers. One gathering incorporates the apparatuses required to make reports. The subsequent gathering permits clients to see the reports, and the last gathering offers the capacity to address information the board and organization needs. Regularly, associations award every client network access to one of these gatherings. SAS announcing devices incorporate SAS Enterprise Guide, Add-in for Microsoft, Web Report Studio, and SAS Stored Processes. Survey instruments are SAS Business Intelligence Dash Board, and Information Delivery Portal. At long last, SAS organization devices incorporate SAS Information Map Studio, OLAP Cube Studio, and SAS Management Console.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Business Intelligence and Decision Making explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarities and Differences among IBM and SAS Business Intelligence Solutions As can be concluded from the previous conversation, both the IBM and SAS Business Intelligence arrangements have an assortment of advantages to offer to business ventures. Both have the capacity to improve the mind boggling procedure of information the board and examination. With the assistance of these Business Intelligence arrangements, in this way, business endeavors have an extraordinary chance to improve productivity and general business execution (Shmueli et al. 2011). Be that as it may, every one of these Business Intelligence arrangements has various distinctive qualities. One of the delights of IBM’s Business Intelligence programming is that it is entirely versatile and profoundly adaptable. One element that assists with giving this versatility is that the different segments making up Visual Warehouse can be introduced in a huge number of better places. One can, for instance, Visual distribution center itself on one machine, the real information contained in the information stockroom on another and the person in question can sit at yet a third machine driving the entire framework over a system. The degree of flexibility related with Visual Warehouse ensures clients with an entirely adaptable arrangement. Despite the fact that SAS is basically mind boggling, business clients of SAS Business Intelligence, just require a fundamental comprehension of the system’s design to work. When contrasted with IBM’s Business Intelligence programming, SAS has all the earmarks of being increasingly predominant and offers an incredible number of highlights that make information the executives and control very straightforward. Decision Clearly, various advantages can be acknowledged by joining Business Intelligence arrangements inside a business enterprise’s tasks. Among differ ent advantages, there is improved exchange proficiency, capacity to incorporate inside activities so as to have a consistent activity, back office process computerization, exchange status perceivability, and diminished data sharing expenses. The essential inspiration for the obtaining of a Business Intelligence arrangement is better power over progressively proficient everyday business tasks (Williams 2007). As has been examined in this paper, Business Intelligence arrangements give a business endeavor a chance to improve business activities and offer fantastic administrations to customers (Rud 2009, p. 24). Notwithstanding, note that business estimation of any Business Intelligence arrangement lies in its utilization inside administration forms that influence operational procedures that drive income or decrease costs.Advertising Searching for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It is likewise advantageous taking note of that the advantages that gather from the utilization of Business Intelligence arrangements are straightforwardly connected to the manner in which such arrangement s are lined up with a business enterprise’s tasks. Without appropriately adjusting Business Intelligence answers for business activities, the advantages of utilizing BI arrangements might be exceeded by the downsides. Reference List Aanderud, T Hall, A 2012, Building Business Intelligence Using SAS: Content Development Examples, SAS Institute, Cary, NC. Marr, B 2012, What is Business Intelligence (BI)?, https://www.bernardmarr.com/default.asp. Rud, OP 2009, Business Intelligence Success Factors: Tools for Aligning Your Business in the Global Economy, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. Shmueli, G, Patel, NR, Bruce, PC 2011, Data Mining for Business Intelligence: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in Microsoft Office Excel with XLMiner, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, New Jer sey. Whitehorn, M 1999, Business Intelligence: The IBM Solution, Springer, Bromyard, UK. Williams, S, Williams, N 2007, The Profit Impact of Business Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, Oxford, UK. This paper on Business Intelligence and Decision Making was composed and put together by client Cuthbert to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

How to Write Essays Online

How to Write Essays OnlineAre you an English major and you want to write essays online? Writing essays is a skill that can be mastered. You can focus your concentration on each section of the essay without worrying about the next.Of course, you must know what the focus of the essay is. This is important because if you are not clear with the topic of the essay, you will find it difficult to write. Sometimes, you will write the essay very well while the next time, you will find it difficult to produce good articles. It all depends on how clear you are with the topic of the essay.In addition, you need to learn the art of writing essays. If you know how to write an essay, then you have no excuse to delay in getting to work. Do not expect yourself to finish an essay within a day. However, do not worry about that because you will soon get to enjoy the satisfaction of writing an excellent essay.The first thing that you need to do is to look for your sources on the Internet. There are search engines available that can help you get to where you need to go. You can simply type in the subject of the essay and you will be able to find what you are looking for.However, you can also try to write your own essay. Writing your own essay is a great way to be free of writing without having to rely on a professional writer. You can write your own essay and then be confident that it has a thorough outline that is ready to be printed.Once you have finished with the outline, you can start writing the perfect essay. While you write your essay, you can also look for appropriate grammar rules.While writing your essay, you will want to be sure that you are following a systematic approach. Do not simply put some keywords in the paragraphs. These are simple and easy to overlook, so if you want to be able to enjoy your essay, then you must pay attention to the sequence in which you are writing.You can be confident that once you are finished with the essay, it will be published. Your efforts will soon reap rewards. You can also sell the essay to a school or a professor that will be glad to read it and see that you have learned something from your essays.

The Issue Of Gun Control Laws Essay - 1578 Words

GUN CONTROL LAWS There is a need in this country for gun control laws as well as benefits for the citizenry who own them. With the current state of our society these days, owning a gun has become a necessity for some, if not all, household. I, myself, conform for every household having a gun. Although we have our police force always ready to rescue anyone in distress, every second matters when we are facing face to face with danger. Granted that the authorities are already underway, having something on hand to defend one’s self is the most important thing for the time being. Though I believe that everybody needs to be educated on how to protect our own safety in a close contact combat, it is as important as being knowledgeable in handling and using guns for short-range/long-range threats. Ideally, having knowledge of both is of greater advantage. However, if one can’t have both, owning a gun can always come in handy. But, should we regulate or ban the use of weapons? My standpoint is No . With this in mind, it is necessary to be informed of the responsibilities, advantages and disadvantages of owning a gun. Additionally, we will tackle the National Firearms Act of 1934, which addresses taxing the firearms that only covers two types of handguns. Even more, the Gun Control Act of 1968, the legislation that was passed to regulate interstate and foreign commerce in firearms which includes the importation, prohibited persons and licensing provisions. As well as the Brady Law,Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws861 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment has the responsibility to protect people. Currently, the gun violence has threatened the American public safety, people used gun to kill many people for their own interests. The United States constitution believes Americans have their own gun to protect themselves. Some people said guns will protect their life easily. Whether, America should have strict gun control laws or not bring about the debate in society. Gun issue is not only a big problem from United States, it’s also a big problemRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1407 Words   |  6 Pagesits path. There is no exact definition of mass shootings, but most sources believe it is when four or more people are shot in one location. Citizens in America are easily able to obtain a gun and the growing issue is whether this should change and stronger laws in place. Although citizens believe gun control laws take away second amendment and right to protect themselves, mass shootings are increasing yearly and action needs to happen to prevent the next attack. America’s at a high withRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1701 Words   |  7 PagesA gun has the capacity to convert a conflict into a serious crime. The power of a gun is vast. But it the power of the gun is appreciated in right hands. The effects of a gun can be cherished when it is used by right hands and with the right intention. The effects of the gun are condemned when it reaches in wrong hands. A gun can protect as well as end someone’s life. When it ends the life of a criminal, it is a sign of bravery but when it takes the lives of innocent people it is condemned. ThereforeRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1410 Words   |  6 Pagesto have and remain fight prepared. Regardless, this has remained a basic issue since decades. There have been a lot of senseless murders and killings around the United States. With better gun control laws in effect these killings and murders would not have been possible. The government, the states, and the peopl e all need to work together to come to a solution to prevent things like this in the future. Better gun control laws would mean less killings and murders happening around the world. Think ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1536 Words   |  7 Pagesright to bear arms. This Amendment, when written had no limitations or constraints, however there seems to be more laws than ever trying to govern or ban the carrying and even ownership of firearms as a whole. Many say that the reasons for the attempt of gun control laws are due to the safety of the public nevertheless if you look at the statistics themselves it shows that armed law bidding citizens stop more violent crime involving and not involving firearms if armed than the police department,Read MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws852 Words   |  4 PagesIn about every nation, gun control has always been an issue of controversy. Gun control laws are quite different from country to country, each possessing different requirements, specifications, and ordinances, so on and so on. What will be examined are the specified gun control laws in three international countries, ranging from Canada, Australia, and Japan, as well as a comparison and contrast of the the similarities and unique differences toward American gun control laws and those in other countriesRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws2761 Words   |  12 PagesOne of the most debated topics in the U.S. is about gun control laws. Constant dispute between citizens and the government shows that there are two sides; for or against control. Arguments, whether oral or written, point out various ways how it can either help or hurt our society here in the United States of America. Most people however agree by reinforcing these laws violates the citizen’s 2nd Amendment rights which states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free StateRead MoreEssay about The Issue of Stricter Gun Control Laws1861 Words   |  8 PagesT he issue of stricter gun control laws is an on-going battle that continues to be debated at both the local and federal levels. Regardless of one’s viewpoint on the matter, this subject makes for a very passionate debate on both sides. At question is whether or not stricter laws and regulations help reduce the number of gun-related crimes. Obviously, the answers vary greatly depending on the strongly held viewpoint of the responders. Often, horrible gun-related crimes are committed by peopleRead Moregun control research essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle that studied gun control. â€Å"Stricter state gun laws associated with fewer gun deaths, study finds.† The article discussed gun control laws in states with stricter laws tend to have lower rates of gun related homicides, and a suicide (ProCon para. 1) Gun control in the United States is becoming a wide spread issue and is becoming a problem everywhere. Although I am living in a city with uprising crime that has been skyrocketing over the years, I wasn’t aware of this being an issue all over the UnitedRead MoreGun Control1724 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 1302 5th march 2013 Sides of Crime Control Gun control laws have been surrounded by controversy since The Bill of Rights, including the Second amendment was passed in the congress. A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed, the founders wrote. Until recently there was considerable argument over just what the founders intended by their words. Did they mean to provide only for armed

Mobile Gambling Is A Multi Billion Dollar Business

Introduction Mobile gambling is a multi-billion dollar business. Companies world-wide are competing for customers’ dollars, from large established casinos to smaller upstarts. Many people are now finding it more convenient to wager via online casinos, instead of stepping inside a casino or other physical gaming location. Mobile devices have further simplified the process for these gamblers and gaming â€Å"apps† now act as a catalyst for betting online. According to BlackJack Champ, an online guide to mobile casinos, â€Å"The latest trends show about half of the world’s population engages in some form of gambling every year, and smartphones have literally brought mobile casino games to our fingertips, making gambling more accessible than ever†¦show more content†¦Industry Structure There are 1,511 casinos in the United States, generating annual revenue of over $65 billion (Statista). Casino gambling is legal statewide throughout Nevada and Louisiana, with 50% of the US casino hotels operating in Nevada alone. In the other 20 states where casinos are legal, they are restricted to certain areas, such as American Indian Reservations (Alvarez 19). There are several different kinds of casinos, including Las Vegas-style, dockside (built on barges), riverboats, card rooms, and racetrack casinos (Vault). The two largest gaming companies, in terms of market share, are Caesars Entertainment Corporation (13.6%) and MGM Resorts International (11.2%). Caesars owns 49 casinos in eight states and employs 70,000 workers. MGM owns 15 casinos in four states and Macau, China and employs about 61,000 people (Alvarez 25). As previously mentioned, 20 other states allow some form of casino gambling. This includes states that surround former strongholds, like Atlantic City, New Jersey. However, recent state legislation allowing casino gambling in surrounding states such as Pennsylvania, have caused revenue to drop by almost half in Atlantic City, causing many casino properties to close (Alvarez 19). Competitive Strategy Competitive strategy is an organization’s long-term plan used to remain competitive in the

Genetically Modified Foods And The United States - 1087 Words

More than sixty countries have a ban, labeling, or restrictions of some sort on genetically modified foods (). The United States is not amongst them. Originally GMOs were introduced to create better yields, tolerate droughts and increase nutrition (). Today GMOs have excided beyond the standards of the past. 80% of the foods sold in the U.S. today are genetically modified. This group of foods include alfalfa, corn, canola, cotton, sugar beets, soybeans, tomatoes, squash, potatoes, oil, golden rice, salmon and many more(). While the production of GMO foods have increased the FDA refuse to regulate it because in 1993 the FDA declared GMOs as â€Å"not inherently dangerous† so they therefore do not need special regulations (). Unlike the United†¦show more content†¦Once the USDA is done with this process it is then shipped to the FDA who do not require companies for consultations, including the effects of the products on people (). Companies who create GMOs feel no pressure to consult the FDA because they are not required to do so. GMO regulation should be taking away from the FDA because the FDA do not address the health concerns of GMO’s, they have done no labeling whatsoever on GMO foods, and GMOs are doing the opposite of what was originally claimed. Instead of decreasing the use of herbicides it has Many health concerns accompany the production of GM foods. Genetic engineering can transfer allergens from foods people are allergic to, to foods they believe to be safe (). A case study by the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrates that when a Brazilian nut was engineered into soybeans people who were allergic to nuts had severe allergy reactions to the product (). If GMO labeling and regulations are not taken seriously people with food allergies have no way of eluding possibly harmful health consequences caused by consumption of GM foods containing concealed allergenic material (). GMOs could also be creating thousands of different

Role of Communication in Conflict Resolution †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Role of Communication in Conflict Resolution. Answer: Introduction As a social being, man has to constantly interact with other human beings in social and commercial settings. Their interactions are not always continued in a smooth manner due to clashes and disagreements as views may be different and opinions may vary. These differences may vary from simple issues to complex matter and are known as conflict range. Not only conflict is a pervasive part of human life but also is a much maligned word. The overtone of the word is negative which makes people shy away from it. How conflict is managed by people is influenced by different factors. The nature of the conflict, the culture of the parties and the personality of those who enter the conflict are used to derive the conflict management approaches[1]. Just as various reasons exits in relation to the creation of conflict, there are a few methods which can be deployed with respect to managing the conflict. However while selecting one of the methods of conflict resolution one must be care to whether such method can effectively manage the dispute[2]. This paper discusses the principles of conflict creation through academic literatures in relation to the conflict which has been caused between Sammy and Ben. In addition the paper also discusses two methods of conflict resolution which are appropriate for addressing the dispute between Sammy and Ben. Conflicts have been defined by authors like Rapoport as debates, games and fights. Another definition of conflict is that it is an escalated competition taken place between two or more parties where each of the parties aims to achieve an advantage. This advantage can be in relation to resources interest, fulfillment of needs and power over the other party. As defined by Ronald (2016) the incompatibility of values and goals between two or more parties arising out of a relationship along with the having antagonistic feeling towards the other and attempting to gain control over the other result in conflict[3]. Conflict can take place whenever a failure of collaboration, community, connection, inability of understanding necessary interconnectedness arises as well as the characteristics of human nature. Most living organism behave in a ugly manner when they are in the position of conflict and humans are no different which makes them hide their interconnectedness and essential beauty. The conflict tends to be over when such qualities are noticed by them. Conflict may also result out form the inability of a person to learn from their past failure and to recognize the mistakes as an opportunity for improved understanding and growth. As defined by Autesserre conflict can be seen as a disagreement a view or perceived or real incompatibility of interest a set of behavior or inconsistent world views[4]. The position of conflict may be real but may also be a result of the perception of the parties involved in it. Therefore it can be stated that conflict take place between emotional, behavioral and cognitive dimensions. There are various sources of conflicts such as economic conflict, value conflict, power conflict, miscommunication and misperception conflict, emotional conflict, structural conflict Multipart conflict, intergroup conflict, role conflict and international conflict[5]. An economical conflict takes place when there is a competition between the parties for scarce resources. All the parties to the dispute strive towards fulfilling their needs. These parties put all their feelings and emotions in one direction so that they are not outsmarted by the other parties. Therefore it can be provided that a buyer would want to purchase an item for the lowest possible price whereas the seller would want to maximize its values. In the given situation it has been provided that Sammy wants to get his car repaired but in not willing to invest much money as the as the car has become old. He seeks to achieve the maximum benefit at the lowest possible cost and thus approaches Ben who promises to repair the car at a lower cost. However frustration (which is a cause of conflict) builds upon Sammy as the car is not being repaired in the provided time and the deadline is being extended again and again. It may have been common for Ben as per the values of mechanics to exten d the deadline. However the same values are not possessed by Sammy as where there is a difference in value there arises a conflict. The scenario further provides that a hefty bill has been sent by Ben to Sammy in relation to the car. This bill was not sent in order to charge for a repaired car but for the time given by Ben towards the car and the cost of replacing the car. According to the economic theory of conflict Ben is also seeking profit maximization as where the car has not been repaired still he has sent a bill to Sammy. This situation is bound to create a conflict where the needs of both the parties are different. According to Douglas emotions are those catalysts which escalate and fuel conflicts[6]. They add on to strength, courage, perseverance and energy which support people to continue with the conflict. They act as a powerhouse for the parties to the dispute. Applying the theory to the given situation it can be stated that Sammy is emotionally attached to his car and therefore he wants to keep the car as long as he can with him. On the other had the Ben is also emotional for the hard work and time he has put into for repairing Sammys car. The emotions of both these parties have significant energy to fuel the conflict between both the parties as both of them have justified grounds according to themselves. In addition according to the theory of structural conflict, a conflict can also result out of the way in which interaction between the parties take place. The resources which are available, time constraints, decisions making problems physical settings and communication procedures are a fe w elements which comprises the structure. in the givens situation if Ben would have informed Sammy that the car may not be repaired or Sammy would have verified the progress of the car in the initial stages and there was clear communication than the dispute would not have been caused. Methods of dispute resolution There are various methods of dispute resolution such as litigation, Arbitration, Negotiation, conciliation and mediation. Each method comes with its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore the nature of the dispute has to be analyzed in the light of the features of these resolution systems so than an appropriate method of dispute resolution can be selected[7]. For the purpose the dispute between Sammy and Ben the paper analyzes two dispute resolution methods namely Negotiation and Mediation. Negotiation is the most common form of conflict resolution process or decision joint making. Negotiation permeates most areas of life such as public, private official, domestic, commercial and non official. The parties engage in the process of negotiation irrespective of the position they hold in the society. The most common form of negotiation takes place in bilateral exchanges where information is communicated to both the parties, an understanding is reached and outcome is achieved. To make in simple in the process of negotiation two parties take a specific stand, place arguments for it and continue making compromises where it is possible until a solution is achieved. The interaction may take place telephonically, face-to-face, via email or through the process of Video conferencing. According to Paveza, Estefan, and Corvin a communication which takes place back and forth and is designed to reach an agreement where there is dispute between the parties in relation to a particular interest is called negotiation[8]. The process has several advantages and disadvantages which need to be considered while choosing the process in relation to a particular dispute. The main advantages of negotiation are that unlike other process of dispute resolution it does not require any additional cost as compared to the other modes of dispute resolution. There is no need to pay fees to a mediator, an Arbitrator or a lawyer in relation to the process of mediation. In the process the parties can freely express their views to each other and come to a conclusion without the engaging and their person. The process ensures that there is no misunderstanding between the parties with respect to the dispute either there is a solution or there is no solution. As in this process the parties volunt arily agree to take a specific course of action the process becomes binding. However it is not always possible for the process to always yield a result. In various situations the process of negotiation fails to provide a comprehensive result and other methods like litigation and arbitration has to be taken. In the situation the conflict which has taken place between Sammy and Ben is related to dispute regarding money. They would not want to invest more money in relation to the process of dispute resolution. Therefore the process of negotiation would be best suited for their dispute as it involves no additional money. However the dispute may not be solved if the parties do not reach a compromise[9]. The process of mediation is another form of dispute resolution. In this process the dispute is solved through the help of a third person. It is one of the most flexible, useful and comprehensive tool in the process of conflict management. The process has been reinvented in the recent years as it is used increasingly for the purpose of managing conflicts in the commercial area. The role of the mediator in the process is to adopt a procedure through which the parties to the dispute can reach a acceptable solution. There are various methods which are deployed by the mediator in this process which include the facilitation of communication, determining the actual objective of the parties and proposing options to the parties with respect to the dispute. Other way in which the process takes place are evaluative mediation, transformative mediation, utilitarianism mediation, essential need mediation, social utility mediation, natural law mediation, resolution mediation, restorative mediation, justice mediation and interventionist mediation[10]. There are many advantages as well as disadvantages in relation to the process of mediation. Firstly the process if mediation does not require as much time to resolve a dispute as it is required by arbitration or litigation. In addition the cost involved in the process is significantly less and is feasible with respect to the services provided by the mediator for solving the dispute. It does not involve any additional charges and in the same way like negotiation the process helps the parties to the dispute come to a mutually agreed decision[11]. However the decision of the mediator is not binding on the parties and even where different useful methods have been used by the mediator to facilitate the parties towards a solution there may no solution reached by the parties. In these situations the process of mediation may not be much effective and litigation or arbitration may be required. In the given situation a mediator can assists Sammy and Ben come to a solution regarding the conflict they are in. he can facilitate better communication between the parties so that they are able to understand each other position in relation the dispute. They may require to pay a little amount to the mediator but the dispute is more likely to be resolved in a better way through the process. Form the above discussion it can be stated that there are various ways in which a conflict is created between parties. The reasons for disputes are mainly because of difference in opinion between the parties, miscommunication, the desire to gain power and access to financial resources. Conflicts are inevitable in the society and must not always be seen as a sin. Conflicts make people gain an increased experience towards how to handle a specific situation. There are various methods of conflict resolution. These methods have to be selected based on their nature of the dispute. In the given situation the best applicable methods are mediation and negotiation. The role of culture in conflict resolution is neglected by the conflict resolver unless there is conscious effort by the parties to the dispute. The medium through which conflict plays out is culture. A critical role is played by culture in the way through which a conflict is created. Culture also affects the course of conflict as well as influencing the method in which the parties to the conflict approaches to resolve it. While taking into consideration the impact of culture on conflict one must ensure that it is not overly relativistic or deterministic. In situation where the parties to a dispute do not have a common cultural background the resolution process is likely to be broken down. In this context common culture not only means language, race or nationality but also includes similarity in norms, meaning and behavior along with expectations and shared perceptions. Where expectations and perceptions are not common it results out in an increased destructive conflict rather than a resolution. It has been stated by Gudykunst Every communal conversation bears traces of culturally distinctive means of communicative conduct.[12] The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of cross-cultural communication in the process of conflict resolution. The significance of culture in conflicts According to Moran mediation, negotiation and other methods for the purpose of resolving disputes are affected by cultural differences[13]. Individual culture is brought into by the parties to the dispute into a resolution process and the person who has the responsibility of solving the dispute do it through their own cultural perspective. The speeding up and effectiveness of the dispute resolution process can only be ensured if the parties as well as the dispute resolvers are able to understand each others cultures. Cultures are a part of every conflicts as conflicts are a result of relationship between humans. The way in which individuals blame, name, frame and try to tame the conflict is affected by culture. Whether there is a conflict or not is a question of culture. According to an interview conducted with a Chinese man it was provided by him that he did not witness any conflicts in his lifetime of 40 years. One of the possible reasons for his answers were a preference of cultur e according to which he saw the world through the eyes of harmony instead off dispute, which had been influenced by his Confucian upbringing[14]. Whether culture plays a sublet or gentle role or largely influences conflict it is also a part of the conflict. There is always a cultural component in any conflict which touches individuals where they hold their identities and meaning. Intractable conflicts like those which are taking place in India and Pakistan over Kashmir and Israeli and Palestinian are not only fueled by issues like boundary, sovereignty and territories but also through legitimization, representation and acknowledgment of various ways of living, identities and making meaning. Conflicts which take place between husband and wife are due to gender culture and which take place between parents and child are due to generational culture. Different disciplinary cultures give rise to conflicts in organizations. According to Fairclough culture cannot be extricated from conflicts although it is not the cause of conflict[15]. Different norms in relation to conflict behavior are derived through different cultures and which is acceptable in one culture may be a sin in the other. Different conflict styles are exhibited within the members of a same group[16]. In one culture raising voice by an individual would be taken as an action of aggression on the other hand the same act would be seen as a sign of truthfulness and genuineness in few other cultures[17]. In some cultures there is restrictions upon young parties to a dispute to argue with elders whereas few cultures depict ostensible, direct , linear and rational conflict style. Variables which exist in a cultural group can be used beneficially for the purpose of resolving conflicts. The variables are mostly helpful for the purpose of enhancing interactions between parties to the conflict. Individuals who depict a communication and conflict style within a group which are close to another rival group can be utilized in form of a bridge or natural translator to different cultures which the process of dispute resolution takes place[18]. A range of variables have been described by scholars who study the nature of conflict for the purpose of describing various cultural approaches in relation to a conflict. According to Moore and Woodrow (2010), there are eight primary variables namely, relationships, different views of outcome, cooperation and completion, space and time, communication, other parties and the overall objective of the negotiation process[19]. Five dimensions have been provided by Ang, Soon, and Linn Van Dyne for the purpose of understanding cultural difference. These include uncertainty avoidance, power distance, long/short term organization, individual/collectivist and masculine/feminine orientations[20]. Variables such as orientation with respect to human nature and nature, high and low context communications styles, social relations along with complexity of social identities among others. A few communication tools which are utilized for the purpose of understanding culture are Individualist and communitarian conceptions of self and other and High-context and low-context communication. A working definition of culture is useful as all these tools are used in service of understanding culture. There is no complete way which can provide the understanding of culture along with its connection with conflicts and communication. The two tools provide an idea about how the individuals belonging to different groups interpret their surroundings. They neither provide complete guidelines for with respect to each member of the group nor are they certain in nature as culture constantly evolves and changes the individuals as well as the environment around them[21]. Importance of cross cultural knowledge for effective dispute resolution The main role of the person who is responsible to resolve a dispute is to establish an understanding between the parties to the dispute. There are various ways which are adopted by such dispute resolver towards addressing the conflict between the parties. It has been discussed above that culture has a significant impact on the creation of dispute. Thus if dispute needs to be solved culture has to be provided with utmost importance. However not all studies of dispute resolution agree with such significant importance of culture in relation to dispute resolution process. According to Avruch culture may be treated as a cause of conflict however it cannot be treated as a main determinant to resolve a conflict[22]. Koppelman states that cross cultural awareness in the contemporary world is not only important but is essential and mandatory[23]. Managers in the organization require cross cultural knowledge to successfully manage the employees who belong to diverse cultural backgrounds. On th e other hand the process of dispute resolution may also be considered as a form of management. In the process of resolving dispute the role of the resolver is to manage the dispute by brining the parties to it to a mutual understanding. A dispute cannot come to an end unless both the parties agree to a resolution. A valid argument may be provided that cross cultural knowledge is not required in situation where both the parties to the dispute possess the same culture. However according to Warren culture is one of the most common causes of dispute and without cultural differences disputes may not occur[24]. Thus it can be stated that situations where culture is not a cause if dispute may exist however it does not supersede the fact that most of the conflicts are due to culture. Bochner defines cross cultural knowledge as having understandings about different cultures[25]. In the field of conflict resolution cross culture awareness means having the knowledge about the backgrounds, beliefs, customs and understandings in relation to the parties involved in the dispute. It has been provided by Kinloch, Patricia, and Joan that it is next to impossible to immediately influence the culture of an individual. In relation to the dispute resolution process the resolver has very limited time to interact the parties and it can be argued that such time would not be adequate to influence the culture of the parties[26]. However it must be noted that cross cultural awareness need not influence the cultures of the parties in a conflict what is required by such knowledge is to merely treat the parties based on the understandings bout them. This nature of conflict resolution makes the knowledge about cross cultures essential in the process. According to Prasad the most important tool which is required by a dispute resolver is comprehensive communication skills[27]. A dispute resolver would at no cost be able to resolve the dispute where he is not able to facilitate communication between the parties. In addition he needs to communicate his own understanding to the parties which he would be able to do without comprehensive communication skills. Behrens states that cultural awareness is the foundation of communication skills[28]. The concept of cultural awareness has become the primary component for effectively managing and preemptively resolving any dispute. Resolver who have intellectual knowledge are well equipped to carry out best practices strategies towards solving a dispute between the parties. These cultural awareness involves ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation social economic backgrounds as well as international experiences. Increasing or infusing cultural awareness in the process of dispute resolutio n can help the resolver avoid liabilities such as misunderstandings related to culture. Enhanced cross cultural knowledge can help the resolver to ensure that they are able to minimize cultural tension during the process of resolving the conflict. The resolver who is solving the dispute may be able to create an apprehension that the parties to the dispute have a common culture by bringing out the common aspects of their cultures through his or her cross cultural awareness[29]. When the parties to the dispute are made to believe that there cultures between them are common a sense of mutuality occurs between them and they give increased effort towards solving the dispute. There are three aspects which are required to ensure that a conflict resolution process is successful, Firstly the necessity and desire for resolving the conflict, secondly, awareness about possible hurdles in the process of conflict resolution and choosing the method for solving the dispute. For the purpose of resolving cross cultural disputes and conflict it is the responsibility of the resolver to bridge the cultural gaps between the parties. According to Hester, Gladys and Aminda such resolvers must at the minimum have knowledge about self awareness of their own cultural practice which includes bias, stereotyping and prejudice along with knowledge about different cultural factors which contribute to cultural differences[30]. They must also be sensitive towards and appreciate different c ultures while having a good knowledge in relation to communication skills[31] Conclusion The fact that culture plays a significant part in the creation of conflict cannot be doubted at all. Cultural differences are one of the main reasons because of which a conflict is created. They may however be arguments that the relevance of culture in solving a dispute may not be as important as it is perceived. However as discussed in the paper, communication skills are the necessary for proper resolution of dispute and the basic of ion dispute resolution communication is cross cultural awareness. 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